入境签证费由哪个部门主管?
关于这个问题,其实是一个比较复杂的问题。 首先,我们要搞清楚“入境”、“出境”和“过境”的概念是什么。
根据联合国《国际移徙公约》第14条(b)款的定义可知: In this Convention, the term "immigration" refers to all measures, regardless of whether they are administrative in nature or judicial in process: (a) Designed to identify persons and determine their right to move and to reside within a State's borders; and (b) Enabled by such identification. 如果简单地将出入境理解为进出境的话,那么“过境”则是指非居民在进出国境时所须办理的手续。根据《中国公民出国旅游管理办法》第七条,中国公民因私事出国旅游,应当向户口所在地的市、县公安局护照管理部门提出申请。可见对于中国公民而言,出入境的办理都是由公安部门的出入境管理机关来负责的;而境外人抵达中国后如何入境,以及在中国境内如何居留、旅行等问题,是归中国的海关和边防部队管辖的。如果发生违法事件,由公安、外交和其他有关部门按其职权分别处理或协商处理。所以,当外国人在国内入境时需要缴纳签证费时,当然是公安机关代收代付了,当然也就属于公安机关的行政职能范围了!
其次,我们来讨论一下边境管理署的性质问题——也就是美国边境管理局与联邦政府的隶属关系问题。 根据美国法律的规定,美国的国界由美国海关及边境保护局负责监管,该局隶属于美国国土安全部之下,具体职能如下: The mission of CBP is to ensure an efficient and secure nationwide border system that provides appropriate access into the United States while enforcing the law with integrity, bravery, flexibility, and innovation.
Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), along with other agencies, has a key role in securing America’s border, particularly at its ports of entry. USCIS helps to prevent terrorists and terrorist groups from entering the U.S., protecting national security and preventing terrorism. By working closely with CBP, we help ensure people entering the country do so legally and that only those who are allowed under our laws have a chance to become legal permanent residents or gain asylum status. We also work directly with members of Congress who ask for assistance in cases involving specific individuals or situations. This includes helping resolve citizenship issues related to arrests and detentions, as well as assisting them when there may be legal questions about agency decisions on immigration benefits applications submitted through their offices.
从这段话中可以看出:第一,边境保卫局虽然直接隶属于国会管理,但实际上的运行却是由白宫管理下的国土安全部的下属单位进行的;第二,边境保卫局的职责之一就是协助移民局,对进入美国的非法移民进行甄别和处理,包括遣返。因此,作为协助移民局的职责之一的出入境管理工作,自然也是边境保卫局的一部分职责。 所以,当我们在申请美签的时候,填写DS-160表格并上传照片的那一栏有一个选项要问你是否被美国政府拒过签或者被驱逐出境,其实就是询问你是否有在美国非法滞留的经历。如果有的话就会记录到你的移民档案上,今后再次申请美签的难度也会增大很多哦!